30 April 2012

I Brake For Cemeteries

Have you seen the bumper stickers that say, "CAUTION: I brake for cemeteries"?  I've always chuckled a little when I see them online, and have never once seen one on an actual car.

Image courtesy of FunStuffForGenealogists.com


But this last weekend, that was me.

Our family went camping in south central Colorado. We had a great time exploring a new area, my husband got a little fly-fishing time in, and we took our daughter for a couple hikes. A great weekend, doing something we love to do together.

On the way to the river spot my husband wanted to fish at, he says, "look, there's a cemetery over there." Now, as supportive as he is, he has never once pointed out a cemetery to me. I had seen it, of course, but didn't mention it. Cemeteries were my thing, not our thing as a family, and I wasn't going to ask both of them to give up their time to wander through a country cemetery. But, he pointed it out, then asked if I wanted to try to find a way to find it. It was across the river, and looked like it might be somewhat difficult to get to, so of course I said yes! This was a golden moment.

We did find it, and it turned out to be Howard Cemetery in Fremont County, Colorado. We walked around for a few moments, enjoying the view of the mountains and taking the occasional picture of an interesting headstone. My husband even asked a few questions about some of the sights. Upon returning home, I submitted my handful of pictures to the Colorado Gravestones website; and he looked up the history of this cemetery and one near St. Elmo, another stop on our trip. Suggesting we make sure to visit their cemetery when we go back to the ghost town later this summer.

I guess we're going to need one of those stickers. If you see me driving around Colorado, at least you'll know who I am!

The Chappel family plot, with a magnificent view.

Young Annie Cooper, died 1901.

29 April 2012

Quick Source Review: JSTOR




JSTOR presents a unique researching opportunity for genealogists and family historians. In the academic world, it is a commonly used and reliable source. From their own website, “…JSTOR is one of the world’s most trusted sources for academic content” (www.jstor.org). It is a part of ITHAKA, an academic preservation not-for-profit. So, what is it, exactly and how can it help me in my genealogy research?

Simply, it is a collection of articles. Journals covering a wide range of topics; publications on Law, Film Studies, Folklore, History, Music, Irish Studies and a vast collection of Scientific Journals… they have thousands of titles available in their database. Run a search, find an article of interest, and download in PDF format. Citation is made easy with their automated cover page for each article. A truly simple system.

The benefits to your research can be truly outstanding. A quick search for “Chicago” resulted in nearly 62,000 hits. An article dated 1867 came up within the first ten results. The historical perspective can add a wealth of knowledge and information to your family history.
The database has free content, and they have a relatively standard agreement policy. When you conduct a search, start by choosing the Advanced Search option. Enter your terms, and then select the “Include Only Content I Can Access” option. This will display only the free results.

It is most certainly a site worth exploring. 

26 April 2012

Photo Mystery: Tenino, Washington 1938

While archiving some photos, I came across this picture: 



The couple bears no resemblance to anyone in our family, and they are not familiar to me. I am the holder of the family archives, and have seen hundreds, literally, of pictures in my decade of genealogical research. These folks are not related to us. On the back is a stamp, in blue, it says "Hi-Ko Finish" with the date "Sep 13 1938". 

The timing could not have been better. The first time I saw this picture was about a week before the release of the 1940 US Census, and I put it at the top of my "must I.D." list. I could not believe how lucky I was to have a dated photo from so close to the census. It was almost too perfect. Unfortunately, no one knew who they were. I assumed the photo was from Orting, Washington, as it was in my paternal collection, and that's where they were in 1938; all of them. 

So, I never got to look them up in the 1940 Census. 

Then, a week or two later, I came across this little jewel. Came from the same box, I just hadn't dug deep enough yet. 

See the resemblance? 


The border print around the image is identical, as is the size of the photo. This one also had the blue stamp on the back, and it was labelled, I think by my Grandmother (now deceased): Tenino, WA 1928-1931. Here is the reverse of the image of the house:


The house in the photo looks rather rural, which jives with the family story. Which is this:

William and Emma Brown had lived in Orting, Pierce County, Washington most of their married life, except for just a few years in the late 20s and early 30s, when they lived in Tenino in Thurston County. They were not doing well, and moved from house to house running away from rent collectors. They lost a son there to a rail/car accident, and by 1935 had moved back to Orting. The fatal accident of their son resulted in a lawsuit, and William was said to have used the money to buy clothing, instead of diapers for the baby.

So, the photos are dated 1938 by the developer, which is too late for the family of William & Emma. The handwriting indicates that they lived in Tenino from 1928-1931, but during that time, it was highly unlikely that a ten year old roll of film would have survived to be printed that much later. (I checked on this with a photographer familiar with film development.) It would seem unlikely that they would have gone back to Tenino, as they left debt all around town; they would have been recognized.

We're back to the mystery couple, aren't we? I think it's possible that the Brown's could have lived in the white two story house, but who are the people in the first photo? Maybe I'll never know. Maybe this will hit social media and go crazy and I'll have a descendant send me an email to identify them. That would be neat.

24 April 2012

Writing for The In-Depth Genealogist

Hello All!

I want to thank you for reading my blog over the past months. I have enjoyed the challenge it presents me and look forward to many more years of writing about my family history.

I would also like to share that I have taken on a new role, writing for the digi-mag, The In-Depth Genealogist. I am very excited about this project, and I hope you will be too! IDG has a simple mission statement, but one that every genealogist, on any level, can understand: "contribute to the advancement of all genealogists."

My contributions will be on state resources from across the country. If you have something wonderful you would like me to look at, please feel free to contact me. I am proud to join a group of respected professionals from all corners of this country.

You can read about IDG and my role on their website: http://www.theindepthgenealogist.com/.

Thank you, and have a wonderful day!

Sincerely,

Jen



Lottie's Memoirs: A Story Standing Still

Andrew & Lottie Houston, 1920, with their children and pets. 


I never knew my cousin Lottie, but she leaves a lasting mark on me nonetheless. Her memoirs, written in 1964, give us a intimate look at life on the Nebraska plains in the late 1800's. Its a remarkable family artifact to have.

According to her obituary, the memoirs were also requested by the Nebraska Historical Society. Although the copy I have does not indicate a newspaper name, I would bet that it is from The Enumclaw Courier Herald. She passed away in 1967.  This has become a story, standing still. Lottie has told us all she can.


Cyrus H. Lee, Lottie's father
Lottie's Mother, Mary
Josephine (Lawrence) Lee



22 April 2012

Lottie's Memoirs: Teaching to The End


... This is part eight in a series. Please see the initial post for explanation.


The Lee Family at Silver Creek, Nebraska

Lottie Mae Lee Houston
Mrs. Andrew Houston
1964




Teaching

When I graduated from the Silver Creek High School, (10th grade), I took my first teaching job, in a district school five miles north of Silver Creek. During the fall months I rode horseback from home to school and back each day, besides doing the teaching and janitor work. I was about 17 at this time. I had 18 pupils, some of them small children who were “beginners”, others much older, two who were grown boys bigger than I was. One of these announced that he “was either going to marry the teacher or run her out.” He created many problems but he didn’t carry out either of his threats!

When the very cold winter weather came, the horseback ride became too difficult, so I boarded with a young German couple and their three children, who lived very near the school. The small frame house had two small rooms below and a loft above in which the boys slept. I remember how very clean and orderly the home was, even with six of us living there. The little German woman was a careful and thrifty housekeeper. My “quarters” consisted of a bed, washstand and chair behind a cloth curtain strung on a wire.  The room was also the bedroom for the German couple and their baby, with my bed behind the curtain. It was there that I slept, washed, dressed and got ready for school. The bed was immaculately clean, the sheets very white, and there was a feather bed to sleep on as well as another to use as a cover, a soft down pillow with a white case. The people were kind but could speak no English, while I could speak no German, so we did not talk very much, but had a friendly relationship.

Image Courtesy: Doane College
http://www.doane.edu


My brother Lawrence went first to Doane Academy at Crete, and I followed him a year later. I continued to teach school every second year, going to Doane in the alternate years until I finished college. I taught five years in district schools, I think. The

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most pleasant of these years was the one spent in the Maple Grove district, near Polk, when I lived at the home of the Morace Smith family. Mr. Smith was a business friend of my father’s, a well educated man from New York State. His wife, Libby, was a most wonderful little woman, and was like a mother to me. Although I lived with them only one year, our friendship has lasted on to the present day, seventy or more years later.
I shared a room with eleven year old Adelia Smith, a pretty little girl who was a lively child. She grew up to marry Oak Davis and to live in Lincoln. A letter from her, dated 1964 gives a picture or our two families and their friendship:

“How all this carries me back to the time when I was a little girl, attending Maple Grove School, and here came Lottie Lee, a charming young miss from Silver Creek, to be our new teacher. This was a very special year for me because the new teacher was a member of the Lee family, who were such dear and valued friends of the Smiths.
“I recall how glad we were when Mr. Lee would occasionally come driving in to our yard, especially if Mrs. Lee was with him, as she sometime sometimes was. We, my brother Leonard and I, knew that there would be much jollity, much fun and understanding companionship as well as unusual goings-on, while they were there!

“I remember especially a certain July 4th when they stayed over longer than usual, long enough so that Mr. Lee and Papa drove in to Strossburg on the 3rd, bringing back all kinds of fireworks. We had such a day as I have never forgotten, Papa and Mr. Lee doing all kinds of tricks, putting the cannon crackers under pans and shooting them high in the air, frolocking and laughting all day long. Then the f gallons of home made ice cream and the cakes! These followed the fried chicken and all the fixings, of course, for the two big families.

“Our father was always so busy keeping things going, with all the livestock on the farm, keeping the farm profitably employed, etc, that he did not take much time out just to have fun, and your father certainly had a way of causing him to relax so that we could have glimpses of the little boy in him.

Once a year Mother would have a season of inviting one or two neighbor families in for supper, until she had made the rounds. These were pleasant enough occasions, with conversation about the weather the crops, the farm work. Father would try to tell a few jokes, but there would be little response and his attempts at real discussions of problems would fall flat. I only mention this in contrast to the way it was when the Lees came. There was then an understanding and a mutually appreciated light heartedness which was a sort of nectar to the heart of a little girl, drinking it all in.”

[Transcriber’s Note: The above section quoted from the Smith letter has several typing and grammatical errors. It has been transcribed exactly as it appears in the original.]

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In 1885 our parents undertook a new venture, going father west to Colorado, where my father managed a cattle ranch, in partnership with one of Mother’s brothers, Mortimer Lawrence, of Cleveland, Ohio. It was an exciting time for us children, with many adventures on the ranch. There were thousands of cattle, about 20 real cowboys in the bunkhouse, a negro cook who was not only an excellent cook but knew many songs. We had horseback riding, trips to the mountains, trips to Denver. Our brother Lawrence was much interested in cowboy songs and filled a copy book with words of a great many which he learned from the men. We had one memorable camping trip in the mountains with Uncle John Lawrence’s family, and got well acquainted with those cousins.
The children of our family did not stand the altitude well, and there was much illness in the family. Flossie had scarlet fever. I had “brain fever” (perhaps it is now called encephalitis), and there was also rheumatic fever and pneumonia. These diseases are now known to be caused by bacteria and virus, but the doctors then blamed the climate, and by 1889 we decided to return to Silver Creek. We went back to our home west of town, and our father went into the cattle feeding business. He bought young stock from the western range country and grain fed it until the animals were ready for market, then took them by rail to Omaha or Chicago.

Our brother Lawrence and I went on to academy and college at Doane, Crete, Nebraska. I stayed out every other year to earn money by teaching, so that I could go on, and because of this I did not receive my degree until 1901. Lawrence graduated with honors in 1897, and intended to go to law school. The family was living temporarily in Norfolk at the time, and it was then that tragedy struck. Shortly after graduation, when Lawrence returned home, he was drowned in a swimming accident, at Norfolk. This was very, very hard on the family. A few years later, our brother Roy was also drowned, at Bellevue, due to a skating accident, one winter evening. Our family was then living at Bellevue in order that the older children could go to college. This college, under Presbyterian auspices, later united with Hastings College.

1893 Chicago World's Fair
Image Courtesy: haygenealogy.com
In 1893 we had a great experience when we all went to the Chicago World’s Fair, the Columbian Exposition. A friend of our father built a number of houses in Chicago. He made arrangements for our mother to occupy one of these houses for the summer, and take all the children with her, so that we could attend the fair. In order to finance the venture, Father and Mother put a small advertisement in the Congregationalist church paper which circulated in Nebraska, announcing available room and board in Chicago to church people wanting to see the exposition. So many replies were received that all available rooms were soon reserved. We had season tickets and we not only enjoyed the exhibits and the many cultural events during that summer, but we made many friends among our guests. The most outstanding in my memory were a bride and groom, Mr. and Mrs. George Craig, who later lived in Omaha, and then in Evanston, Illinois. We have kept in touch with them at intervals since, always enjoying them, and now we hear from their daughter, Margaret, in California.


Our parents later moved from Bellevue back to Silver Creek. In 1909 they moved into town and occupied a small white house across corner from the Congregational Church, while our father opened a small grocery store about two blocks away. Lucile was then living in town, as she had married Fred Shumaker, who was station agent. Florence was married in 1909 from our little church, and the reception was held in our parents’ home and on the lawn. It was a very festive occasion. I came from my new home in Benedict, with my three small children, one a five week old baby. Bertha had been married from the church and home in Bellevue in 1908, and lived in York.

In 1912, Lucile was very ill with heart trouble, and the doctors prescribed a warm climate for winter, so Fred and Lucile, Mother and Father went to Florida. Early in 1913 Lucile died, A great grief to us all. Later, our parents retired at Hilliard, Florida, and remained there the rest of their lives. 

21 April 2012

Lottie's Memoirs: School Experiences


... This is part seven in a series. Please see the initial post for explanation.


The Lee Family at Silver Creek, Nebraska

Lottie Mae Lee Houston
Mrs. Andrew Houston
1964



School Experiences

My first school attendance was in a kindergarten in a private home, started by a lady named Mrs. Frank Osborne, who came out from New York State. She had had training in one of the best normal schools in N.Y., and was very interested in the kindergarten movement which had been introduced from Germany. I remember har as a wonderful person and the kindergarten as a delightful experience. The room had many pictures which would appeal to children, and we ahd stories, songs, games and many activities. We had blocks, not large ones, but alphabet blocks. There were dolls, mostly rag dolls. She taught us to make sewing cards, to sew little blocks of cloth with simple stitches, to crochet chains with heavy cord, to knit on a spool. At one time I made a lamp mat from this knitted cord, of which I was very proud. I learned the names of different samples of cloth – calico, muslin, velvet, cashmere, worsted, gingham, etc.

By the time I was ready for first grade, Silver Creek had a schoolhouse, built much as all the early Nebraska schools, a long building with windows on both sides and an entry in the front to keep out the worse of the storms. The school grounds were large and were enclosed in a high board fence, fairly tight, with an entrance over a stair-step stile, going up and down, so that animals could not get in. There were no herd laws, and cows ran loose in the town.

The school cloakroom was the entry where there were hooks for wraps, and where we left our dinner pails. These were tall thin pails with rims into which tight covers fitted. Sometimes several children of one family brought lunch together in one pail.
The school room had desks and seats, both of which folded with hinges. They were built as double desks, with an ink well in the middle front, and everyone had a seat partner. The ink well presented a great temptation to the boys to dip the ends of the girls’

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hair in ink, or to mark up their own faces.


Dorchester, Nebraska school class.
The teacher is Bessie Brown,  Lottie's maternal cousin.
Ca. 1900




Out in the schoolyard was the well, with a pump. The water pail for drinking water stood in the back of the room, on a bench, and when we wanted a drink we asked permission. Winter nights were so cold that the water would freeze solid in the pail if the teacher forgot to leave it empty. The teachers were entirely responsible for the janitor work, at this time.

There were wooden blackboards, not slate, at the front of the room. We each had small slates and slate pencils at our desks. Paper was expensive and we had to furnish our own. We also furnished our own books, and as I was growing up we had the McGuffey readers. At first, all eighth grade were in one room and we heard everyone recite. Later there were two rooms with four grades in each. The school was not closely graded, however, and students were assigned work according to their ability. Some of the older children who could not yet read well would be in the First Reader, while some who were the same age but more advanced would be studying algebra if there was a teacher capable of teaching it.

We studied at our desks, then were called to the front of the room to a recitation bench, to recite our lessons. We read aloud from our books, taking turns, standing to read with the book held in the left hand, turning pages with the right. For arithmetic we often put our problems on the blackboard and had them corrected by the teacher. Some teachers could not go beyond fractions, so we sometimes went over the same ground in arithmetic for several years.

We had outside toilets, one for boys and one for girls. There was a wash basin in the back of the school room with soap on a saucer, so that it was possible to wash one’s hands if it became necessary, but we did not wash before we ate our lunches, only if we got especially dirty, or fell down, or some such thing.

All the grades had recess at the same time, and there was no playground supervision. Some years we would have such good times, but sometimes there would be big rough boys in school who made life miserable for the little ones. One boy I especially remember who used to lie in wait with snowballs and really hurt the little girls. The only recourse was to “tattle” to the teacher!

We played Hide and Go Seek, Drop the Handkerchief, Tag, Pump-pump-pul away, catch, baseball, “Anty-over”, hop scotch, etc.

The town school had a full nine month term, but the country schools, even much later than the 70’s, often had only a three month winter term. It depended upon the available money in the district, number of children and attitude of the school board.

We studied hard, but had relaxation, too. On Friday afternoons we always had a little program after recess, and closed school a few minutes early. These programs consisted of recitations

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by the children, dialogues, songs, etc. Many of the teachers had had elocution lessons and were interested in training the children to speak in public. Sometimes the teacher herself gave an “oration” which she had memorized. The public was invited to come on Friday afternoons if they wished, so sometimes we had an audience, sometimes not.

We always had a big Christmas program, holding it in the evening, in the early years. Later the school and church programs sometimes merged. There would be a big Christmas tree, decorations made by the pupils, candles in small metal holders on the limbs of the tree, strings of popcorn and tinsel. The tree usually came from the Platte River. Even in those days, Santa Claus would arrive with sleigh bells and there would be a treat for each child, popcorn balls sometimes an orange.

By the time I was ready for secondary school we had a two year high school, taught by a man whom we called “Professor Conner”. He was young, capable, and had a quick temper, I remember. He and his wife had come from the east.

20 April 2012

Lottie's Memoirs: Church


... This is part six in a series. Please see the initial post for explanation.


The Lee Family at Silver Creek, Nebraska

Lottie Mae Lee Houston
Mrs. Andrew Houston
1964




Church

Soon after the town was settled, a small Episcopalian Church was organized, and the Lees attended. However, their Congregational background soon caused them to consider organizing a church of that denomination. Many other settlers were interested, and a congregation was organized which at first met in the school house. The group developed a fine spirit of cooperation and fellowship, and applied for Congregational membership under the American Board of Commissioners. This was granted, and it became a thriving home mission church, receiving some help from the Board for a number of years.
Silver Creek First Methodist Church
Photo Courtesy of NEGenWeb Project,
Merrick County
Sometime about 1878 or ’79 I remember our mother being gone on a trip to Chicago, to raise money for a church building. Our father was well acquainted with a Chicago wholesale dealer who was a Congregationalist, and whose name, I believe, was Bennett. He was interested in the little prairie town which needed a church, and had invited Mother to come to Chicago by train, to speak in Churches there, seeking the financial aid of Chicago church people for the building project. Mother was an attractive young woman, 28 or 29 years of age, keenly interested in religion and in missions. (She told us later in life that while at Oberlin College she had been intending to go into missionary work.) She was a forceful speaker and was very cordially received by the church people of Chicago. The Bennetts entertained her as a house guest and introduced her to many of their friends. She returned to Silver Creek with the church building guaranteed, and soon the architect’s plans and the lumber were shipped from Chicago.

The church was built by a carpenter, with the help of donated labor. The men turned out with enthusiasm to help with the masonry, to lay floors, to shingle the roof, to paint, etc. Dad Lee, Uncle Tom, and all our family helped. The church was all ready for occupancy when a violent windstorm put the whole structure flat on the

Page 15.

ground in one night. It was very disheartening to the Silver Creek people to see the work of many weeks destroyed in a few hours, and discouraging too, to the friends in Chicago. However, the people rallied to raise more money and labor, more help was sent from Chicago and from the Board, and a second building was soon erected. Material salvaged from the damaged building was used as much as possible. The first church had had a high steeple, but the second was built low, to avoid further chance of wind damage. I remember the church dedication and the pride and pleasure we all felt in the building. It was set on a large lot, the front portion of which was kept mowed as a lawn, the back portion equipped with hitching posts for rows of horses and buggies. The church was painted white, a bell was installed and trees were set out. There was an organ with foot pedals, a simple but dignified pulpit desk, open pews and a center aisle. It served the community for many years. Lucile and Florence were both married in this church, and many of our funerals were held there. Our father was the superintendent of the Sunday School and a trustee of the church for many years. He was a friend to countless ministers and home missionaries. He used to say jokingly that he “kept a preacher’s hotel”, because most visiting church officials were guests at the Lee home, sometimes for long periods, when special meetings were to be held, or when trips were to be made to outlying church off the railroad lines.

I don’t see now how we ever did it – providing beds and meals for so many visitors. Sometimes there were large groups such as the Doane College Glee Club, and many homes were opened to visitors. Our parents were always exceptionally hospitable and wanted to bring good things to the community and to the family. We children herad stimulating conversation concerning important issues of the times in areas of religion, politics, education and economics, and we listened eagerly. Our town was far from being isolated or backward at that time. It was a thriving, growing community, populated with young families arriving from the east. Four passenger trains of daily passes through, connecting Chicago and San Francisco. Two of these were “fliers” and our town was a flag stop. One could take a train easily to Omaha for shopping, and return that evening, or the next day.

Although these new towns were pioneer towns they were not the uncouth, ignorant sort of places often portrayed on western movies of the present. There were rough elements, to be sure, and sometimes violence, but in general they were law abiding communities. There were many settlers who had good educations, were well read, and brought cultural interests from their homes in the east, or from overseas. I do not remember exactly when the “Lyceum Courses” started, but I know that these planned programs brought speakers and music at regular intervals during the winters of the 80’s and 90’s.

Uncle Lemuel Squier, Grandmother Lee’s brother, and his wife, Aunt Caroline, lived on the edge of town in Silver Creek. We children took milk to them daily and usually stopped in to see them on our way home from school. They were dear old people,

Page 16.

always so kind and gentle and so good to everyone. Their house was so neat and clean, and always so well kept. They themselves were neat, also, and very well groomed. Their clothes were not expensive or many, but were of good quality, and they wore them with distinction. Aunt Caroline always wore a bonnet to church, tied with silk ribbons, and trimmed in summer with flowers, in winter with beads or velvet. I can remember them so well going to church or prayer meeting. Uncle Lemuel often rose to speak at prayer meeting, as they did then, and what he said was always to the point, never “long winded” as some were.

Aunt Caroline was a Schmerhorn and was often visited by her brother Charles, a well to do man from the east. Their youngest son, Lemuel (Cousin Lem) also came to visit them from Michigan. They lived just north of us, across a little ditch or creek, bridged by a foot log. Lem stayed a long time and came over in the evenings to play games or read to us. He was 15 to 18 years older than I, as I remember. He would read “Harpers Young People” aloud to Lawrence and me, or play “Authors”. Later he came to live permanently in Silver Creek and had a dry goods store there until about the time of World War I. His oldest sister, Ellen Squier Hicks later lived in Seattle, and my own children were privileged to know her.  The Squiers were not only relatives but great and good friends to all of us. Lem had two daughters, Dulcie and Myrtle, who were little girls when I was a young lady. His first wife, Rika, died when they were small. His second wife, Jessie, was also a fine woman and Lem and Jessie made us welcome in their home many times when we visited Silver Creek from Benedict, after I was married. I happened to be on a trip to see my parents in 1924, when Jessie died in Lincoln, of pernicious anemia, shortly before the newer treatment for the disease was developed. I had a lovely visit with her and Lem just the evening before her death, and I think it was a comfort to Lem that I was there at that sad time. I was always very fond of Dulcie and Myrtle and I took my baby, Ruth, and went to Silver Creek for her wedding, about 1915. Lem lived until the early 30’s, a very fine man in every way. The Squires have a plot in the Silver Creek Cemetery.

Silver Creek Cemetery.
Photo courtesy of www.findagrave.com


Sunday School

Our father and mother were active in Sunday School throughout life. In all, Dad finished a total of forty years as a Sunday School superintendent, in Nebraska and later in Florida. He taught classes of every age and could manage the rowdiest youngsters with force.  He knew David C. Cook, the great publisher in Evanston, Ill., who did so much to make S.S. material available to young churches, and he kept abreast of new publications. He had a good singing voice and usually led the singing in Sunday School. He also lighted the fire at the church, early on Sunday mornings. We lived a scant half mile from the church and it was regular routine for Dad to walk in early, get the building warm and the supplies ready before time for the service. I usually walked with him, as a little girl, and sometimes by brother Lawrence too. We helped distribute

Page 17.

song books, air the building, etc. Mother arrived later with the younger children, riding in with the horse and buggy.

Mother taught the “infant class”, all those below school age, and she often held a baby on her lap while telling the Bible story. The class was held in a corner of the sanctuary. All the children loved her and called her “Auntie Lee”. As long as she lived, whenever she returned to Silver Creek she would meet me and women who had been her pupils and who would make a special effort to come to see “Auntie Lee”.

After Sunday School came the preaching service, and our whole family sat together in a pew. It was usually a service about an hour and a half long. Sometimes we had excellent ministers, sometimes not, but our parents were always loyal, no matter what. I remember a saying of mothers at times when some especially unpromising young candidate for the pulpit would appear, “Well, it’s wonderful what the Lord can do, considering what little he has to work with.”

In the evening we had Christian Endeavor, as soon as we were old enough to go, and after that the evening church service. Dad and the older children went to evening service. Mother went after the younger children were old enough to go, or when there was a relative or reliable girl living with us to stay with the children. Evening service was less formal than morning, had a great deal of good congregational singing, and was much enjoyed.

The people were friendly and we had frequent church suppers, basket socials, strawberry festivals, etc. I remember especially one Sunday School picnic held at our home, in the maple grove. I wish you could have seen it! The trees were small – perhaps fifteen or twenty feet high at that time, for Dad had set them out when he built the house, and had watered them faithfully during the dry summers, to keep them alive. They gave a lovely shade, and we mowed the grass to prepare for the picnic. People came in buckboards, buggies or wagons, unhitched their horses for the day and tied them in the barnyard and along the fence. There was much laughing and talking, the children tumbling about.
The mothers brought huge baskets of food, ice cream in wooden freezers packed with ice, milk in covered tin milk cans. Long tablecloths were laid on the grass under the trees. There was fried chicken, baked ham, potato salad, sandwiches, pickles, jesslies, cabbage slaw, sliced tomatoes, cookies, cakes, pies and so on. Oour mother made a huge kettle of coffee on the kitchen stove, and our father made a while barrel of lemonade. He brought a clean wooden barrel from the store and plenty of lemons and sugar. We had an ice house, where we stored ice cut during winter time from the river. (No doubt this was not always sanitary, but the theory then was that “running water purified itself every 100 yards”.)
We children all helped with the lemonade, rolling lemons until they were soft. Dad cut them and squeezed them with a long handled

Page 18.

wooden lemon squeezer with a perforated center. It was very efficient, and we soon had dozens of lemons ready. He added sliced lemons, sugar, ice and very cold well water. A large dipper was used to ladle the lemonade from the barrel to big pitchers which were carried around to fill cups and classes. Dad Lee took great pleasure in having the lemonade good and having plenty to last through the afternoon. Everyone agreed that it was the best lemonade anyone could imagine.

In the afternoon there were contests and races for both children and adults, three legged races, sack races, foot races, peanut contests, etc. The men and older boys had a baseball game in our field, with lots of excitement. The women sat under the trees or on the porch, looking after the babies and talking. In the evening we had another supper on the lawn before everyone went home to do chores. There were many such picnics, but I remember this one especially.

...to be continued...

19 April 2012

Lottie's Memoirs: Clothing and Housecleaning



... This is part five in a series. Please see the initial post for explanation.The Lee Family at Silver Creek, Nebraska

Lottie Mae Lee Houston
Mrs. Andrew Houston
1964

Page 11, continued.

Clothing

Most of our clothing was made at home, boys' and girls' and grown ups'. The mothers all sewed and taught their daughters to sew. The hired girls who lived with us also helped Mother with the sewing or mending. Some widows or other women who needed to support themselves went out to sew in homes. Our mother had a sewing machine earlier than most of our neighbors, as Dad had the agency for sewing machines in his store. I believe it was the "White" machine. Every spring and fall brought a sewing period when new garments were made by every family, for the coming season. 

A "White Peerless" Sewing machine, ca. 1885.
Photo courtesy: www.sewmuse.co.uk
The little girls wore calico or gingham for everyday, cotton underclothing in summer, woolen in winter. The underwear was made at home and much of it was bulky and clumsy. In winter our under-drawers went down our legs into our shoes. We girls wore wool school dresses in winter, and usually two petticoats, one wool and one cotton. We always wore a little fancy school apron over the wool dress. When we came home from school we took this off and put on a plain, long sleeved cotton apron, a sort of coverall, to keep the school dress clean. We wore black stocking and high black

Page 12. 

shoes, sometimes laced, sometimes buttoned. We used button-hooks to button our shoes. Our men folks used a boot jack to put on their high shoes or boots. 

We wore no corsets or tight stays, as girls, but "Ferris waists", with two rows of buttons around the waist, on which to button underskirts and panties. Our garter supporters were much like those used now, but I have heard Mother tell of having buttons on the stockings and elastic strips with buttonholes in them, to support from the waist. Mother was opposed to tight or binding stays, as unhealthful, although many people wore them. Our dresses came below the knee, but were never floor length until we were about sixteen. 

The little boys wore knee pants and shirts, home made, with long black stockings or heavy socks and high shoes or boots for winter. They went barefooted much of the time in summer. For Sunday, our brothers wore starched white shirts, knee pants, little tailored jackets and little derby hats! Sometimes, for younger boys, the jacket was a kind of "Little Lord Fauntleroy" type with lace collar. In summer they wore straw hats, the Sunday one a stiff, small brimmed one, they everyday hat large and shady. Some little boys did not have their hair cut until they were four or five years old, and their mothers took pride in their curls. Boy babies wore little dresses until they were walking. 

Image Courtesy: www.breslichfoss.co.uk

As we grew older, we girls (Lottie, Bertha, Florence, Lucile) did most of our own sewing and ironing. With the long skirts and many long ruffled petticoats, the ironing was tremendous, and it is hard to understand now, how we could do it. We heated the irons on the cook stove, (or a kerosene stove in summer) and used the removable handle to change irons as they cooled. We would take turns ironing and mending, one sitting down awhile, then another. We took pride in our ironing, always trying do have things done perfectly. Linens were ironed while quite damp. Embroidery was always ironed on the wrong side to give a raised effect. Ribbons and sashes were often stiffened with gum arabic. 

Washings were done the hard way, on a washboard, in a round wash tub, on a bench. White clothes were boiled in a copper boiler on the kitchen stove. Soap was made at home for many years. Bluing was sold by stores, or by small boys, to make "pin money". We had long clotheslines and two pronged wooden clothespins. 

Housecleaning


Usually, each home underwent a thorough housecleaning in both spring and fall. The tools were broom, mop, carpet beater, scrub brush, clean sand, soap, ammonia, lye, feather duster, furniture oil, and soft cloths. No one felt that a real cleaning could be done without completely emptying a room, so we began by taking down all pictures, cleaning them and putting them in a safe place on a table or bed in another room. Curtains and drapes were removed next, then furniture, then carpets. Everything was taken to a porch or the yard while the ceiling, walls and floors were cleaned.

Page 13.

Carpets were lifted by taking out tacks with a screw driver. The carpet might be made of narrow strips, sewed together, either rag carpeting or ingrain, and was laid over a padding of either newspaper or new straw. At housecleaning time it was removed to an out of door clothesline where it was beaten by hand with a wire carpet beater until all the dust was out, and left in the sun for a time. Meanwhile the newspapers were removed from the floor, the floor swept and scrubbed. When dry, fresh papers were spread and the carpet brought back and tacked down. “Stretching the carpet” was almost an athletic feat, requiring two or preferably three people to accomplish it, and the use of a long forked tool to push the edges up in place and hold them while the tacks were replaced.

The furniture was cleaned outside, cloth portions thoroughly brushed, wooden parts treated with furniture oil or polish. Scratched or worn places might be re-varnished. Crocheted “tidies” or “antimacassars” were carefully washed and stretched. Lace curtains were washed by hand and dried on curtain stretchers (wooden frames with tiny metal brads along the edge). Often these stretchers were loaned from one housewife to another.  

Clothing was removed from closets, to be sunned and aired. Chests and trunks were opened and sunned. We had several old fashioned trunks of the Civil War era. Fresh mothballs were put with woolen things, after they were washed. Mattresses, feather-beds and pillows, as well as quilts and blankets were put on the clothesline to sun. Some were repaired and recovered.

Often this was the time of putting new wallpaper on walls. A “paperhanger” might be called in, or our family might do the work ourselves. Fashions in wallpapers changed somewhat from year to year, but always included delicate florals for bedrooms, with more formalized patterns for living rooms and parlors.

Windows were cleaned, inside and out, using ammonia water or powdered whiting for the glass. Screens were replaced in spring and removed in fall. Homemade storm windows were put up in fall and taken down in spring. Cupboards were cleaned, dishes and crockery washed and replaced. Silver was polished with whiting and replaced in flannel bags. Books were dusted individually and replaced in their shelves. This was one of the very pleasant tasks for some members of the family, giving an opportunity for renewing acquaintance with old favorites and for reading ahead into more and more grownup books!

Stoves were cleaned and stovepipes taken down and taken outside to clean. This was done preferably with a cutting from a long branch, with leaves still attached. This made an excellent brush for removing soot from inside a pipe. In springtime the hard coal buring stove, “the baseburner” was usually removed from the living room; in fall it was replaced for winter use.

There were, of course, no bathrooms to clean. The outdoor

Page 14.

toilet was treated with lye or lime and the small building scrubbed and sometimes re-painted. The cellar also was cleaned, old potatoes and other vegetables removed, stone jars washed and sunned, brick floor scrubbed, churn and milk cans and jars scalded and sunned.

During this housecleaning the meals were rather sketchy! The women folk tried to have things cooked ahead of time so that the family could have bread, baked beans, milk doughnuts, fruit and chees, cold meat, and of course cornmeal and oatmeal “mush”.

When the cleaning was done the more or less exhausted housekeepers needed a few days to revive! It was quite different from the present ways of cleaning with vacuum cleaners, automatic washers, etc. Also, it is amusing to think of the difference in how we dressed. No one doing housecleaning then would have worn slacks or jeans or pedal pushers! We wore cotton dresses which reached almost to the floor, dust caps on our heads, big aprons tied around our waists. 

...to be continued...

18 April 2012

Lottie's Memoirs: The Day to Day


... This is part five in a series. Please see the initial post for explanation.

The Lee Family at Silver Creek, Nebraska

Lottie Mae Lee Houston
Mrs. Andrew Houston
1964

Page 9.

The New Land

The Nebraska soil was very new and very fertile in places, but spotted in the Platte Valley, so that some farms were all sand. Gardens did well on loam soil and with plenty of water, but dried out quickly on sandy soils. People soon learned where to pant. Wells were shallow, as the water level at that time was easy to reach. There were two water tables, on about ten feed underground, used for stock and gardening, and one at a depth of about twenty feet which was used for drinking. Both veins were soft water, good for washing. We had a windmill with a pump, and a hose, and we watered garden much as people do now. When Dad came home from the store on a hose evening he would turn the hose on the roof, porch, etc., to cool off the house. 

The men and boys in our family looked after the vegetable gardens, mostly, while the women looked after the flowers. None of our women worked in the fields, and were shocked to see women working in the grain or hay fields, as some did. Of course, no women wore overalls or slacks. The "foreign" women in the fields wore heavily dark calico or chambray dresses, with long plain skirts. They usually tied three corned scarves over their heads.

Mother always raised flowers, both indoors and out, and we girls helped. Some years it was so dry that not much grew, but usually we had lots of colorful annuals and perennials, and always she had blooming geraniums, cactus, and other plants for winter, on window sills in the kitchen and in the bay window.

Food

Our mother always set a good table, and we had a big family. Besides Dad, MOther and the children we usually had a hired girl, sometimes a hired man, sometimes someone who clerked in the store. To feed all these required much planning and cooking. For breakfast we always had either oatmeal or graham "mush", cooked a long time, often started to cook the night before. On it we had cream from our own cows and usually brown sugar, as it was cheaper than white. Mother made all our butter and we always had homemade bread. Often for breakfast we had "gems" (muffins) made with our milk or cream, soda, eggs from our chickens, and graham flour. Sometimes it was pancakes, cooked on a large griddle. The men always had eggs and perhaps bacon or ham. The children could have these too, but only after finishing our oatmeal! Four our noon meal we had meat, potatoes, a vegetable, bread and butter, milk and some dessert. We had lots of sornstarch puddings, bread puddings, custards, cooked dried apples and occasionally pie or cake. We always cooked and planned with supper in mind also, so that we did not have to begin all over again with getting a meal in the evening but could have sliced meat, creamed potatoes, etc. For Saturday night we almost always had cornmeal mush with milk and often corn syrup or molasses or sorghum. We raised sorghum.

Page 10.

We rarely saw oranges, and apples were also a luxury. Dad always sent to Michigan every year for a barrel of apples and a supply of maple sugar and these were a great treat. We had little apple trees, but so far as I remember they did not bear when I was a child, and later on they were small and usually dry. We probably did not know hot to care for orchard trees. We picked wild plums, wild grapes and choke cherries along the creeks and the Platte River. We made grape jelly, plum jam, etc., and used the fruit in steamed puddings, cobblers and for sauce. Berries were a great luxury and we did not raise any except strawberries. Years later we sometimes saw fresh raspberries or blackberries which were shipped in to the store, but they were usually nearly dried up. 

We dried or salted food for winter use, but except for jams, jellies, preserves and pickles, we did not can, when I was a child. We cut corn from the cob and dried it, and that was a job! We spread clean, old sheets on boards or screens, placed the cut corn on this white surface and put mosquito netting over it to keep off flies. This corn had to be turned by hand at least once a day, and as I grew older it was often my job to reach under the netting an turn it. The hot sun and dry air dried it thoroughly, and it was very good when soaked and re-cooked in winter. Sometimes we parched it, after it was dry.

We raised fine popcorn, and often popped corn on the kitchen range, in a wire popper. The kitchen would be full of children and we poured the fluffy white corn into a big dishpan and poured melted butter on top. This was usually on Friday nights, and Mother often made molasses taffy to go with the popcorn. Sorghum molasses made especially good taffy. She would cook a batch and then give each child some to "pull", and the excitement would be very great. We each ate what we pulled, in whatever condition it turned out. 

Dad had gathered nuts every fall, in Michigan, and he especially prized hickory nuts. He always had nuts sent from relatives in Michigan, hickory and black walnuts, usually. We cracked them with a hammer, on an old flat iron, and they were very good. Mother had a silver nutcracker, kept for best, which I still have have. We made other kinds of candy, besides taffy, sometimes using nuts in it. We used brown sugar, molasses or honey for sweetening, often, although we could get white sugar at the store. As new grocery products were developed by the wholesale houses, we learned about them and tried them, almost as soon as in the cities, because of our father's business in the store. 

The store carried "boughten candy", but we children were never given candy there. We could buy it, if we had pennies, just as other children could. It was kept in wide, clear glass jars, with glass covers. There was one jar for long stick candy, one for peppermints of each color, on for lemon drops, and these different jars looked very inviting. I can remember when I was very small, standing in front of the counter, gazing up at those jars of colored candy The stick candy was striped, or plain red, or plain white

Page 11. 

flavored with lemon. There were licorice sticks, too. Most of the candy sold for a penny a stick, and children saved pennies for these purchases. Our father occasionally gave candy to some child who never could buy any, but usually he gave out ginger snaps to children, from a big barrel or box where the supply was kept. Children loved ginger snaps, and there was more food in them than in candy.

Image Courtesy: 
http://www.yelp.com/biz/illinois-nut-and-candy-skokie


We always had good meat, usually from our own farm. We kept chickens and usually also turkeys, geese and ducks. We raised pigs and fattened steers. Butchering time was busy and strenuous. The pig was scalded, scraped and dressed in the yard lot and hung up to cool. I twas then laid on planks and cut up. Hams and bacon were but in brine and afterward smoked. Side meat was salted down in big barrels, chops and roasts were used fresh or else roasted and put down in lard. the fat was "tried out" by cooking it over a slow fire in a large black iron kettle. We usually did this on the kitchen stove, but many people did this out of doors. When it was melted, a large peeled raw potato was dropped in and cooked in the hot fat until it attracted the bits of blackened meat, and so clarified the fat. The melted lard was then poured into big stone jars or tin pails, and kept covered. The jars and tubs were kept in the cellar, where they would be cool, or if the season was winter they might be stored in a big out building. 

Beef halves were hung high to keep dogs from getting the meat, and were often left to freeze in a cold building for weeks. From time to time a piece of meat was cut off for cooking. We also made our own salted dried beef at times. We had little seafood or fish. Dad was not much of a fisherman. Sometimes after high water in the Platte, there would be fish which could be caught, and we had some occasionally. 

...to be continued...


17 April 2012

Lottie's Memoirs: My Eighth Birthday


... This is part five in a series. Please see the initial post for explanation.

The Lee Family at Silver Creek, Nebraska

Lottie Mae Lee Houston
Mrs. Andrew Houston
1964

Page 8.

My Eighth Birthday - Aug. 5, 1881

One of Dad's bill collecting trips I remember well, because it was my eighth birthday. I had been very ill for weeks, with "congestion of the brain", and was just getting well enough to go out. Our family was very sad, too, over the death of our baby brother, Mortimer, in July, and my birthday did not promise to be an especially happy one.

However, Dad asked me how I would like to go with him over across the Platte River, into Polk County, to collect bills. He had to make this trip, driving from farm to farm with our old horse, Topsy, hitched to a buckboard. A buckboard was a four wheeled vehicle with a spring seat mounted on a wooden cart frame, boards or slats for the floor, and no springs. 

The roads were used mostly by wagons with two horses, so that deep ruts were made by the wheels during the wet spring weather. This left a high, grassy ridge in the middle. Topsy had to stay on this ridge to keep the wheels in line in the dry ruts. Fortunately the wheels were large and the wagon box high, but Topsy was not pleased, and I remember being a little concerned. Roads then did not follow section lines but cut across from one farmhouse to another. 

It was a lovely August morning and we started early. I wore a little pink cotton dress, I remember, and a pink sunbonnet. I felt very important, going with Dad, and he was very good company. Everything I saw and did that day stands out vividly in my memory. 

Dad asked how I would like to go to visit Lily Swartwood, at one of the farms where he was going. She was a little girl whom I liked very much, whom I knew at Sunday School. It was four or five miles to their house and we made several other stops before we reached the Swartwoods. They lived in a sod house, one of the few left in that part of the country by 1881. The virgin sod, with heavy grass roots which had grown there for centuries made a material like heavy brick. It was cut into wide blocks and set together like a brick house, leaving spaces for doors and windows. Poles were used for the roof, covered over with layers of sods. The grass on the roof would be green in spring and early summer. 

This house was whitewashed inside and out, had glass in the windows and a wooden door. The walls were thick and it was comfortable both summer and winter. The window sills were very wide, almost like seats. lily was very glad to see me and we spent most of the day playing dolls on the wide window sill. I can remember so well watching my father, out in the yard, talking to her father and then driving off on his business. He returned to have dinner with us, a very good dinner, as the Swartwoods were very hospitable. It was a day I shall never forget. 

...to be continued...